This is especially true for younger children, who are still learning that mistakes are part of growing up. If the emotional reaction is too intense, they may not focus on the mistake itself. They may focus on the shame of having caused disappointment. In their minds, the correction becomes rejection.
A child who frequently feels that mistakes invite anger may grow into an adult who hides problems, lies to avoid conflict or becomes paralyzed by perfectionism. They are not only trying to avoid consequences. They are trying to avoid the old feeling of being unwanted when they are imperfect.